• Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) emerged as a central clinical correlate across allogeneic marrow grafts, shaping prognosis, donor selection considerations, and post‑transplant management through its spectrum of manifestations [6], [8].

• Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic marrow recipients demonstrated that donor immune activity can contribute to leukemia control, informing balance between anti-tumor effects and GVHD toxicity [8], [1].

• Infectious complications drive morbidity after transplantation; prophylaxis strategies, including granulocyte transfusions and monitoring for opportunistic pneumonia/CMV, defined early infection management in BMT patients [2], [5].

• Engraftment outcomes were tightly linked to immunogenetic matching and transfusion history; HL-A matching, ABO compatibility, and transfusion avoidance were associated with improved engraftment and graft survival in aplastic anemia and leukemia cohorts [4], [11], [19].